Ukusukela oko kwathi kwasungulwa itekhnoloji yesikhenkcisi ngeminyaka yee-1920, iJapan yenze imitsi ebalulekileyo kulungiselelo lwekhonkco elibandayo. Iminyaka yoo-1950 yabona ukwanda kwemfuno ngokunyuka kwemarike yokutya esele yenziwe. Ngowe-1964, urhulumente waseJapan wasebenzisa i-“Cold Chain Plan,” eqalisa ixesha elitsha lokusasazwa kobushushu obuphantsi. Phakathi kowe-1950 no-1970, umthamo wogcino obandayo waseJapan wakhula ngomyinge we-avareji yeetoni ezingama-140,000 ngonyaka, unyuke waya kutsho kwiitoni ezingama-410,000 ngonyaka ngeminyaka yee-1970. Ngo-1980, umthamo ufikelele kwi-7.54 yezigidi zeetoni, egxininisa uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini.
Ukususela ngo-2000 ukuya phambili, ulungiselelo lwekhonkco olubandayo lwaseJapan lwangena kwinqanaba lophuhliso lomgangatho ophezulu. Ngokutsho kweGlobal Cold Chain Alliance, amandla okugcina abandayo eJapan afikelele kwi-39.26 yezigidi zeecubic metres ngo-2020, ikwindawo ye-10 kwihlabathi jikelele ngomthamo womntu ngamnye oyi-0.339 cubic metres. Nge-95% yeemveliso zezolimo ezithuthwa phantsi kwefriji kunye nezinga lokutshatyalaliswa ngaphantsi kwe-5%, i-Japan iye yaseka inkqubo ye-cold chain chain eqala ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya ekusetyenzisweni.
Imiba ePhambili emva kweMpumelelo yeCold Chain yaseJapan
Ulungelelwaniso olubandayo lwaseJapan lugqwesa kwiinkalo ezintathu eziphambili: itekhnoloji yetsheyini ebandayo ephucukileyo, ulawulo olucokisekileyo lokugcina olubandayo, kunye nolwazi olubanzi lolungiselelo.
1. ITekhnoloji ye-Cold Chain ePhambili
I-Cold chain logistics ixhomekeke kakhulu kubuchule bokukhenkceza kunye nokupakisha:
- Ezothutho kunye nokuPakisha: Iinkampani zaseJapan zisebenzisa iilori ezifakwe efrijini kunye nezithuthi ezigqunyiweyo ezenzelwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zempahla. Iilori ezifakwe efrijini zibonakalisa iirakhi ezigqunyiweyo kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa ukugcina amaqondo obushushu achanekileyo, kunye nokubekwa esweni okwexesha lokwenyani ngeerekhoda ezingaphakathi. Izithuthi ezikhuselweyo, kwelinye icala, zithembele kuphela kwimizimba eyakhiwe ngokukodwa ukugcina ubushushu obuphantsi ngaphandle kokupholisa ngoomatshini.
- Uqheliselo oluZinzileyo: I-Post-2020, iJapan yamkela i-ammonia kunye ne-ammonia-CO2 iinkqubo zefriji zokuphelisa iifriji ezinobungozi. Ukongeza, izixhobo zokupakisha eziphambili zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela umonakalo ngexesha lokuthutha, kubandakanywa ukupakishwa kokukhusela iziqhamo ezithambileyo ezifana ne-cherries kunye ne-strawberries. IJapan ikwasebenzisa izikhongozeli ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe ukunyusa umgangatho wezothutho nokunciphisa iindleko.
2. ULawulo lokuGcinwa koGcino oluColisiweyo
Iindawo zokugcina izinto ezibandayo zaseJapan zikhethekileyo, zihlelwe ngokwamanqanaba asixhenxe (C3 ukuya ku-F4) ngokusekwe kubushushu kunye neemfuno zemveliso. Ngaphezulu kwe-85% yezibonelelo ziku-F-level (-20°C nangaphantsi), uninzi luyi-F1 (-20°C ukuya ku -10°C).
- Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweSithuba: Ngenxa yokunqongophala kokufumaneka komhlaba, iindawo zokugcina ezibandayo zaseJapan zinemigangatho emininzi, enezowuni zobushushu ezilungiselelweyo ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zabaxumi.
- Imisebenzi eLungeneyo: Ukugcinwa okuzenzekelayo kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ngelixa ulawulo lwekhonkco elibandayo elingenamthungo liqinisekisa ukuba akukho ziphazamiso zokushisa ngexesha lokulayisha kunye nokukhulula.
3. Ulwazi ngoLungiselelo
IJapan ityale imali kakhulu kulwazi lolungiselelo ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokongamela.
- I-Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)Iisistim zilungelelanisa ukusetyenzwa kolwazi, ziphucula ukuchaneka komyalelo kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuhamba kwentengiselwano.
- Real-Time Monitoring: Izithuthi ezixhotyiswe nge-GPS kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano zivumela ukulungelelaniswa kwendlela kunye nokulandelwa kweenkcukacha zokuhanjiswa, ukuqinisekisa amanqanaba aphezulu okuphendula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ukuqukumbela
Ishishini elikhulayo laseJapan lokutya okwenziwa kwasekuqaleni lityala uninzi lwempumelelo yalo kuthungelwano lwelizwe oluhamba phambili lwemixokelelwane ebandayo. Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokusika, iindlela zolawulo ezisulungekileyo, kunye nolwazi olomeleleyo, iJapan iphuhlise inkqubo yekhonkco ebandayo. Njengoko imfuno yokutya esele ilungele ukutyiwa iqhubeleka ukukhula, ubuchule bekhonkco elibandayo laseJapan bunika izifundo ezibalulekileyo kwezinye iimarike.
https://www.jpfood.jp/zh-cn/industry-news/2024/11/05.html
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-18-2024